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Soil analysis
Physicochemical characterization pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and texture determination (sand, silt, clay).
Macronutrient Assessment Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), and Sulfur (S).
Micronutrient and trace element profiling Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Boron (B), and Aluminum (Al).
Salinity and sodicity evaluation Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), and soluble salts.
Heavy Metal and Contaminant Testing: Arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and other toxic elements.
Water analysis
Assessment of irrigation water quality pH, dissolved solids, nitrate, chloride, sulfate, hardness, microbial contamination, pesticide residues.
Dietary assessment: 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires and food frequency questionnaires are common methods used to estimate nutrient intake from food.
Body composition: Body composition analysis to assess fat mass, muscle mass, and bone density.
Blood and biomarker tests: Indirect calorimetry to determine resting energy expenditure and substrate utilization.
Blood Tests and Biomarkers: Glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, hormones, and inflammatory markers in plasma, serum, and tissues using ELISA technology.
Molecular Diagnostics: Detection and identification of plant and animal pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses) using DNA/RNA-based techniques such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (real-time PCR).
Genetic Characterization: Analysis of genetic diversity, strain typing for beneficial microorganisms, and molecular fingerprinting for plant breeding programs.
Biotechnology Applications: Isolation and characterization of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and genetic analysis of crops for the development of stress-tolerant varieties.
Quality Assurance: Using molecular tools to verify food authenticity, detect allergens, and ensure microbial safety in processed food products.
Proximate analysis: Moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and carbohydrates in food and feed samples.
Mineral profiling: Quantitative determination of macro minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K) and trace minerals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, Co, I) in food and feed samples.
Microbiological Testing: Total coliforms, coliforms, and colonic family; pathogen detection [Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium spp.]; mold and yeast count.
Bioactive Compounds and Phytochemical Analysis: Total phenolic and flavonoid content; antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC assays).
Color measurement: CIE Lab* in food and feed samples.
Water activity (aw) determination: In food and feed samples.
Milk and its products / by-products processing.
Fruit and Vegetable Processing.
Bakery product processing.