Colleges

Course description: Comparison between atomic emission spectrum and atomic absorption spectrum, optical spectroscopy - width and shape of spectral lines, natural amplitude (age of amplitude time), Doppler amplitude, amplitude compression. Influence of magnetic field on energy levels in the atom, magnetic energy theory, Zeeman anomaly effect and Landais splitting factor. Spectrum of diatomic molecules, vibrational energy levels in classical and quantum mechanics. Spin spectrum of a diatomic molecule in the gas phase and rotational energy levels. Molecular spectrum and inhomogeneous vibration, non-rigid vibrator. Vibration and rotation spectrum of molecules in a strong infrared field, vibrational and rotational spectra of some compounds and determination of bond strength constant and bond length for HCl. Measure the absorbance, transmittance, and reflectivity using a dual-beam spectrometer in the wavelength range of UV, visible, near-infrared, and infrared. Comparison of atomic and X-ray spectra. Lasers - light amplification by induced emission of radiation (lasers), quantum properties of light, induced emission, inverse electron transfer, Einstein's coefficients and their derivation, properties of laser beams, vibrational stability and saturation gain (in homogeneous and inhomogeneous laser beams). Losses in a laser system - Transmittance in mirrors - Absorption and scattering by mirrors - Absorption in the medium containing the laser - Diffraction losses at mirrors - Sapphire laser, three-level laser (helium-neon laser) - four-level laser (carbon dioxide laser) - Applications of lasers.