Colleges

Knowledge and understanding:
The process of weaving, from yarn formation to fabric creation, involves several key stages: 1. **Fiber Preparation:** This is the initial stage where raw fibers (natural like cotton, wool, or synthetic) are cleaned, carded, and combed to align them and remove impurities. This process creates a sliver, which is a continuous strand of loosely assembled fibers. 2. **Yarn Spinning:** The sliver then undergoes spinning. This process involves drawing out the fibers and twisting them together to form a strong, continuous thread called yarn. The amount of twist and the fineness of the fibers determine the yarn's strength and texture. 3. **Warping:** For weaving, yarn is divided into two sets: warp yarns and weft yarns. Warping involves winding the warp yarns onto a large beam. These yarns run lengthwise in the fabric and are under tension during the weaving process. 4. **Sizing (Dressing):** The warp yarns are often treated with a sizing agent (like starch or synthetic polymers). Sizing strengthens the warp yarns and makes them smoother, which is crucial to withstand the friction and tension of the weaving process. 5. **Loom Setup (Beam Installation):** The sized warp beam is then mounted onto the weaving loom. 6. **Heđding (Drawing-in):** Each warp yarn is carefully threaded through designated heddles. Heddles are part of the loom's mechanism that control the raising and lowering of warp threads to create the shed. 7. **Tying-on:** The heddled warp yarns are then tied to the front of the loom (the cloth beam). 8. **Weaving (Interlacing):** This is the core stage where the fabric is created. The loom operates in a cycle: * **Shedding:** A portion of the warp yarns are lifted (by the heddles) while others remain down, creating an opening called the "shed." * **Picking:** The weft yarn (the crosswise yarn) is passed through the shed. This is done by a shuttle, rapier, or air jet, depending on the loom type. * **Beating-up:** The reed (a comb-like device) pushes the newly inserted weft yarn tightly against the previously woven weft yarns, ensuring the fabric is compact and firm. This cycle of shedding, picking, and beating-up is repeated thousands of times to gradually build the fabric. 9. **Fabric Take-up:** As the fabric is woven, it is wound onto a cloth beam at the front of the loom. 10. **Finishing:** Once woven, the fabric may undergo further processes called finishing. These can include: * **Scouring:** Cleaning to remove sizing agents and impurities. * **Bleaching:** Whitening the fabric. * **Dyeing:** Adding color. * **Printing:** Applying patterns. * **Mechanical finishes:** Such as calendering (pressing between rollers) for smoothness, or brushing for softness. * **Chemical finishes:** To impart properties like water repellency, flame resistance, or wrinkle resistance. These stages transform individual fibers into a finished textile product.
- Lists the types of looms.
- Recall the advantages and disadvantages of different textile structures. .
Skills:
- Differentiate between the types of fabrics used in the textile industry by their advantages and disadvantages.
-Draw the different tissue structures on graph paper.
Samples of diverse fabric with color effects are executed using simple looms.
- Produces a product (garments – accessories) from textile structures.